| [/ʃəl; ʃl strong form 强读式 ʃæl; ʃæl/] modal v (esp Brit) (neg 否定式 shall not, contracted form 缩约式 shan't [/ʃɑːnt; ʃænt/]; pt should [/ʃud; ʃʊd/], neg 否定式 should not, contracted form 缩约式 shouldn't [/ˈʃudnt; ˋʃʊdnt/]) 用法:
1 (indicating future predictions 表示预言):
We shan't know the results until next week. 我们下星期才能知道结果. *
Shall we be there in time for tea? 咱们能及 时赶到那里吃下午茶点吗? *
This time next week I shall be sitting on a beach in Greece. 下星期此时此刻我正坐在希腊海滨呢. *
I said I should be glad to help. 我说过我很愿意帮忙. =>Usage 1 见所附用法第1项. 用法:
2 (fml 文) (indicating will or determination 表示意愿或决心):
I shall write to you again at the end of the month. 我月底给你再写一封信. *
You shall have a new dress for your birthday. 你过生日一定得有件新连衣裙. *
He insisted that the papers should be destroyed. 他坚持那些文件得销毁. *
She was determined that we should finish on time. 她坚决要我们按时完成. 用法:
3 (indicating offers or suggestions 表示提供意见或建议):
Shall I (ie Would you like me to) do the washing-up? 我来洗餐具好吗? *
What shall we do this weekend? 我们本周末干什麽呢? *
Let's look at it again, shall we? 咱们再看一看好吗? =>Usage 3 见所附用法第3项. 用法:
4 (fml 文) (indicating orders or instructions 表示命令或指示):
Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 试卷全部收回後应试人才可离开座位. *
The lease stated that tenants should maintain the property in good condition. 租约规定承租人必须保持房产完好无损. shall 2
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 用法:
1 PREDICTIONS 预言 (shall, will1) (a) Shall is used with I or we to predict a future event *shall与I或we连用, 预示将要发生的事情:
I shall be in touch with you again shortly. 我很快再和你联系. Will (when speaking usu contracted to 'll) is used with you, he, she, it, they as well as I and we, often in more informal contexts than shall *will（口语中通常缩略成'll）与I和we连用, 也与you、 he、 she、 it、 they连用, 与shall相比, 多用於口语或较随便的场合:
She'll never finish in time. 她决不能按时完成. *
It'll be our first holiday for years. 这（将）是我们多年来的第一次假期.
(b) In indirect speech, should and would (when speaking usu contracted to 'd) are used 在间接引语中用should和would（口语中通常缩略成'd）:
I estimated that I should finish in ten days. 我估计我十天能完成. *
Bill said he'd soon be back. 比尔说他很快就回来. 用法:
2 VOLITION 决定 (shall, will1) (a) Both shall and will can express determination. *shall和will均可用以表示决心. Shall is more formal, especially when used with pronouns other than I or we *shall词义较文, 与除I或we的其他代词连用时, 尤其来得庄重:He shall be given a fair trial. 他一定可以得到公平审判的. *
You'll have your radio back on Tuesday. 星期二你就能取回收音机了. *
We `will get the thing right!我们决心要把这件事弄对!
(b) Should and would are used in clauses after be certain, be determined, insist, etc *should和would用於从句中的be certain、 be determined、 insist等词语之後:
He insisted that we should make a fresh start. 他硬要我们重新开始. 用法:
3 SUGGESTIONS 建议 (shall, can2, could1) (a) Shall I and shall we are used to make suggestions *shall I和shall we可用以提出建议:
Shall I drive? 我来开车好吗? *
Shall we take our swim-suits? 我们带著游泳衣好不好? Can (often with of course and/or always) is also used for this purpose *can（常与of course和[或]always连用）也可用以提出建议:
We can always come back tomorrow if you prefer. 只要你愿意的话, 我们反正明天还可以回来. Could is used to make more tentative suggestions *could可用以提出较试探性的建议:
You could try pushing the car. 你不妨推推这辆汽车试试看. *
Couldn't we ask a policeman? 我们问问警察行吗?
(b) Any of these verbs can be used to ask for suggestions 这些动词均可用以徵询意见:
Where shall we go now? 我们现在上哪儿去? *
Can we perhaps try another route? 我们是不是可以另试试别的路线? *
How could we make them listen? 我们怎样才能让他们听呢? |