单词 | say(tell) |
释义 | say : tell-734 1a. 这两个动词各有各的惯用搭配,不容对换(参见词目 732 和 733 )。 例如: say the word, say one's name ; say one's prayers , say one's say , say one's lessons ; etc. tell a lie ; tell the truth ; tell tale ; tell the time ; tell fortunes ; tell one's beads ; etc. 1b. 同后者不一样,前者一般不搭用直接人称宾语;要搭用,必须加用 to 来引导。 比较: She said that she would be late. 她说了,她要迟到一步。 She said to me that she would be late. 她对我说了,她要迟到一步。 I said what I wanted to do. 我说了我想要干啥。 I said to the others what I wanted to do. 我对别人说了我想要干啥。 I told the others what I wanted to do. 我对别人说了我想要干啥。 1c. 搭用直接引语,要用前者;搭用间接引语,要用后者。 比较: I shall say to him ,“ We don't believe these rumours. ”我就将对他说:“我们并不相信这些谣言。” I shall tell him ( that ) we don't believe these rumours. 我就将对他说,我们并不相信这些谣言。 1d. 其次,前者可以搭用任何直接引语,而后者搭用的引语必须是祈使结构。 例如: I said “ Hello !” to the director and sat down to my desk. 我向主任说了一声“您好!”就在桌旁坐下。 Mary said ,“ What a nice idea !”玛丽说:“真是一个好主意!” I told Martha ,“ Look in the black box in my bedroom. ”我对玛莎说:“到我卧室里的那只黑色盒子中去找。”(引语是祈使句) Mary told me ,“ Go with him and have a good time. ”玛丽对我说:“同他一起去,好好玩玩。”(引语是祈使句) 1e. 后者多少具有祈使势头,前者则没有这种势头。 比较: I told him to do something at once. 我叫过他,要他马上行动起来。 I said to him that he'd better do something at once. 我对他说过,他最好还是马上行动起来。 Please tell me your name. 请告诉我你的名字。(我不知道你的名字叫啥。) Please say your name. 请说说你的名字。(我不知道你的名字是怎样读的。) |
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