These are all words for a scene, person or thing that has been represented on paper by drawing, painting, etc. 以上各词均表示图画、绘画。

• picture a scene, person or thing that has been represented on paper using a pencil, a pen or paint 指用铅笔、钢笔或颜料画出的图画、绘画：◆The children were drawing pictures of their pets. 孩子在画他们的宠物。
• painting a picture that has been made using paint 指用颜料画出的图画、绘画：◆a collection of paintings by American artists 美国艺术家的绘画作品集
• drawing a picture that has been made using a pencil or pen, not paint 指用铅笔或钢笔而非颜料画出的图画、素描画：◆a pencil/charcoal drawing 铅笔画；炭笔画
• portrait a painting, drawing or photograph of a person, especially of the head and shoulders 指肖像、半身画像、半身照：◆Vermeer's 'Portrait of the artist in his studio' 弗美尔的 “艺术家在工作室的肖像”◆a self-portrait(= a painting that you do of yourself) 自画像
• print a picture that has been copied from a painting using photography 指（用照相制版法制作的）绘画复制品：◆a Renoir print 一张雷诺阿画作的影印件
• sketch a simple picture that is drawn quickly and does not have many details 指素描、速写、草图：◆I usually do a few very rough sketches before I start on a painting. 我开始作画之前通常会画几幅草图。

Patterns

• to draw a picture/portrait/sketch
• to paint a picture/portrait
• to make a painting/drawing/portrait/print/sketch
• to do a painting/drawing/portrait/sketch

These are all words for a picture that has been made using a camera. 以上各词均指照片、相片。

• photograph a picture that has been made using a camera 指照片、相片：◆a photograph of the house 这座房子的照片◆Can I take a photograph? 我可以拍个照吗？
• picture a photograph 指照片、相片：◆We had our picture taken in front of the hotel. 我们在旅馆前照了相。
• photo a photograph 指照片、相片：◆a passport photo 护照照片

photograph, picture or photo? 用 photograph、picture 还是 photo？

Photograph is slightly more formal and photo is slightly less formal. Picture is used especially in the context of photographs in newspapers, magazines and books. * photograph 较正式而 photo 较非正式。picture 尤指报纸、杂志和书籍中的照片。

• shot a photograph 指照片、相片：◆I tried to get a shot of him in the water. 我试着给他拍一张在水中的照片。 NOTE Shot often places more emphasis on the process of taking the photograph, rather than the finished picture. * shot 通常更强调拍摄照片的过程，而非已拍出的照片。
• snapshot/snap an informal photograph that is taken quickly, and not by a professional photographer 指非专业摄影师随手抓拍的照片：◆holiday snaps 度假时随手拍的照片
• print a copy of a photograph that is produced from film or from a digital camera 指由胶片或数码相机洗印的照片：◆a set of prints 一套照片

Patterns

• a colour photograph/picture/photo/snap/print
• to take a photograph/picture/photo/shot/snapshot

In some exams, you have to describe what you see in a picture or photograph. Here are some useful phrases. 有些考试会要求描述图片或照片内容。下面是一些有用的短语：

• ◆ The picture shows a family gathered around a kitchen table. 照片中一家人围坐在餐桌旁。
• ◆ This is a picture/photo of a busy city street. 这张图/照片里是一条繁华的城市街道。
• ◆ In the foreground/background, we can see a group of protesters. 在前景/背景中，我们可以看到一群示威者。
• ◆ In the bottom right-hand corner/top left-hand corner, there's a child sitting alone. 在右下角/左上角，有一个孩子孤零零地坐在那里。
• ◆ On the left/On the right/In the middle, someone is standing with a bottle in his hand. 在左边/右边/中间，站着一个手里拿着瓶子的人。
• ◆ In the cartoon, we can see two people looking at a newspaper headline. 在漫画中，我们可以看到两个人在看报纸的大字标题。
• ◆ The cartoonist has drawn the man to represent a typical businessman. 漫画家把这个男人画成一个典型的商人。