| 释义 |
[/məst; məst, strong form 强读式 mʌst; mʌst/] modal v (neg 否定式 must not, contracted form 缩约式 mustn't [/ˈmʌsnt; ˋmʌsnt/]) 用法:
1 (a) (indicating obligation 表示必要):
I must go to the bank to get some money. 我得到银行去取些钱. *
When you enter the building you must show the guard your pass. 进入大楼时须向警卫出示通行证. *
Cars must not park in front of the entrance. 入口处不得停放汽车. *
You mustn't open the oven door before the cake is ready. 饼未熟不得打开烤箱的门. *
We mustn't be late, must we? 我们不能迟到, 是吧? *
`Must you go so soon?' `Yes, I must.' ｀你一定得这麽早就走吗?＇｀是的, 必须这麽早.＇ =>Usage 1 见所附用法第1项.
(b) (indicating advice or recommendation 表示劝告或建议):
We must see what the authorities have to say. 我们应该看看当局怎麽说. *
I must ask you not to do that again. 我得劝你不要再做那种事情了. =>Usage 2 见所附用法第2项. 用法:
2 (drawing a logical conclusion 做出逻辑推断):
You must be hungry after your long walk. 你走了那麽长的路, 一定饿了吧. *
She must be having a lot of problems with the language. 她在语言上一定有很多困难. *
You must be Mr Smith I was told to expect you. 你准是史密斯先生吧--我是吩咐来接你的. *
They must be twins. 他们一定是双胞胎. *
He must have known (ie Surely he knew) what she wanted. 他当时肯定知道她需要什麽. *
We must have read the same report. 咱们看的一定是同一份报道. =>Usage 3 见所附用法第3项. 用法:
3 (indicating insistence 表示坚持):
You `must put your name down for the team. 你必须报名参加该队. *
You simply `must read this book it's so funny. 你一定得看看这本书--太有趣了. *
`Must you make so much noise? 你就非得弄出这麽大声吗? must 2
n (infml) thing that must be done, seen, heard, etc 必须做、 看、 听等的事:
His new novel is a must for all lovers of crime fiction. 他的新小说是罪案小说爱好者必须一读的. must 3
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 用法:
1 OBLIGATION (must, need1,2, have to, ought to, should1) 义务或责任（must、 need1, 2、 have to、 ought to、 should） (a) Must is used to show that the speaker orders or expects something to be done *must用以表示说话者命令或期待做成某事:
The children must be back by 4 o'clock. 孩子必须4点钟以前回来. *
I must go now, ie I feel obliged to go. 我现在得走了, 即我觉得有此必要. Need to (informal have to) is used when somebody else is giving orders or controlling events *need to（通俗用词为have to）用於他人发出指令或操纵的情况下:
You need to/have to pass a special exam to get into the school. 你要上那所学校得通过一次特别的考试. *
I have to go now, ie something (or somebody else) requires it. 我现在得走了, 即某事或某人要求我如此. Ought to and should indicate that the speaker is giving an order, but suggest that he or she is not sure it will be obeyed *ought to和should表示说话者发出指令, 但暗含对方是否听从并无把握之意:
She really ought to/should be leaving now. 她现在可真该走了. *
You ought to/should apologize (though I'm not sure you will). 你应该道歉（虽然我不知道你是否这样做）.
(b) Mustn't (and oughtn't to, shouldn't) are used when the speaker wants somebody not to do something*mustn't（和oughtn't to、 shouldn't）用於说话者要某人不做某事:
You mustn't leave the gate open. 你不要敞著大门. *
You oughtn't to/shouldn't neglect the garden. 你不要不管花园. Needn't and don't have to mean that there is a lack of obligation to do something *needn' t和don' t have to意指没有做某事的义务或责任:
You needn't/don't have to arrive early. (Cf You mustn't arrive early.) 你不必早来. （参看:
你不要早来.）
(C) In indirect commands, had to replaces must 在间接指令中用had to取代must:
Mother said that the children had to be back by 4 o'clock. (Cf Mary said he ought to/should apologize.) 母亲说了孩子4点以前必须回来. （参看:
玛丽说他应该道歉.） 用法:
2 ADVICE (must, have got to, ought to, should1) 劝告或建议（must、 have got to、 ought to、 should1） (a) Must (informal have got to) is used to advise or recommend *must（通俗用词为have got to）用以提出劝告或建议:
You simply must see that film. 你可得看看这部电影. *
You've got to take life more seriously. 你对待生活要严肃一些. Ought to and should suggest that the speaker is less confident the advice will be taken *ought to和should含有说话者对劝告之是否接受更无把握之意:
You really ought to/should do something about that cough! 你咳嗽那麽厉害, 真得治一治了!
(b) To advise somebody not to do something, mustn't, oughtn't to and shouldn't are used 劝某人不做某事时, 用mustn't、 oughtn't to、 shouldn't:
You mustn't/oughtn't to/shouldn't miss this opportunity. 你不可[不该/不应]错过这个机会.
(C) In indirect speech, the same rules apply as for OBLIGATION. 在间接引用语中,前述用於表示义务或责任的规则也适用於此. 用法:
3 DRAWING CONCLUSIONS (must, have to, ought to, should1) 作结论（must、 have to、 ought to、 should1） (a) Must and have to (informal) are used when drawing a conclusion about which there is no doubt *must和have to（较通俗）用於毫无怀疑的结论:
He must be/has to be the wanted man:
he's exactly like his picture. 他一定是受通缉的那个男子:
他和照片上的人一模一样. Ought to and should indicate that the speaker is being more tentative *ought to和should表示说话者有较大的试探性:
He ought to/should be here in time he started early enough. 他该[应]按时到这里--他出发得够早的.
(b) To show that a conclusion cannot be drawn, can't is used 表示无法定论则用can't:
He can't be the wanted man. 他不会是那个被通缉的男子. *
He can't (surely) get here in time. 他（肯定）不能及时赶到这里.
(C) Must have, ought to have and should have are used to draw a conclusion from some past event *must have、 ought to have、 should have用以对某件过去的事情作结论:
She must have received the parcel:
I sent it by registered post. 她一定已经收到包裹了, 我是用挂号寄的. must 4
[/mʌst; mʌst/] n [U] grape-juice before fermentation has changed it into wine （未发酵成酒的）葡萄汁. |