单词 | shall(will, be going to) |
释义 | shall / will : be going to-746 1a. 前者这两个情态助动词只能用来表达将来时间(参见词目 745 );而后者这个复合情态助动词也可以用来表达将来时间,但含有“打算”的义蕴。 例如: I am going to study still harder next term. 下学期我要更好地学习。 These young men are going to become a shock force on the new Long March. 这些年轻的小伙子将成为新长征中的一支突击力量。 比较: I shall study still harder next term. 下学期我将更好地学习。(只是表达将来时间) I am going to study still harder next term. 下学期我要更好地学习。(表达的意思、意图和将来时间兼而有之。) He will learn French next term if his father asks him to. 如果他父亲要他学法语,他就得去学。(并非出于自愿) He is going to learn French next term. 他下学期将要学法语。(出于自愿) 1b. 既然后者含有“意图”的义蕴,把它用于自然界不可避免的现象,显然是不合乎逻辑的。(注:美国英语则往往可以这样使用) 比较: I shall be forty on my next birthday. 明年生日,我就将 40 岁了。(不说 I am going to be forty on my next birthday. ) I am going to live to be forty on my next birthday. 明年生日,我就将活到 40 岁了。(改用 shall 也可以) |
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